Machine Unlearning research corpus & project state

Research corpus

27 papers, 2015–2026. Every bibliographic record verified against a primary source; every substantive claim traced to a named section that was actually read.

27papers
22peer‑reviewed
173reference links
16critique links
19declared gaps

Reading paths

Arguments no single paper states, assembled from several that each state part of it. Start here rather than with the paper list.

Papers

Category
Relevance Record
  1. Towards Making Systems Forget with Machine Unlearning

    Yinzhi Cao, Junfeng Yang · 2015 · IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P) 2015

    Coined "machine unlearning". Converts a learning algorithm into a SUMMATION FORM -- a small number of sums of efficiently computable transformations of the training samples, on which the model depends only through those…

    foundational high verified fetched 4 in · 7 out

  2. Making AI Forget You: Data Deletion in Machine Learning

    Antonio Ginart, Melody Y. Guan, Gregory Valiant, James Zou · 2019 · NeurIPS 2019

    Defines data deletion as a distributional condition: a deletion operation R_A(D, A(D), i) is valid if A(D_{-i}) and R_A(D, A(D), i) are EQUAL IN DISTRIBUTION. Observes that every algorithm supports deletion trivially by…

    foundational high 1 declared gap 8 in · 9 out

  3. Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Net: Selective Forgetting in Deep Networks

    Aditya Golatkar, Alessandro Achille, Stefano Soatto · 2020 · CVPR 2020

    Defines forgetting as making the distribution of scrubbed weights indistinguishable from that of weights trained without the forget set, formalised by the Forgetting Lagrangian. Derives an optimal scrubbing function und…

    vision heuristic critical 1 declared gap 9 in · 3 out

  4. Forgetting Outside the Box: Scrubbing Deep Networks of Information Accessible from Input-Output Observations

    Aditya Golatkar, Alessandro Achille, Stefano Soatto · 2020 · ECCV 2020

    Linearises the network around its pretrained weights in the Neural Tangent Kernel regime, then derives a closed-form "one-shot forgetting" vector that jumps from the weights obtained by training on D to those that would…

    vision heuristic critical 1 declared gap 6 in · 5 out

  5. Certified Data Removal from Machine Learning Models

    Chuan Guo, Tom Goldstein, Awni Hannun, Laurens van der Maaten · 2020 · ICML 2020

    Defines certified removal by bounding the max-divergence between the removal mechanism's output and retraining without the point. Achieves it for regularised linear models by a one-step Newton update on the removed poin…

    certified approximate high 6 in · 7 out

  6. Machine Unlearning

    Lucas Bourtoule, Varun Chandrasekaran, Christopher A. Choquette-Choo, Hengrui Jia, Adelin Travers, Baiwu Zhang, David Lie, Nicolas Papernot · 2021 · IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P) 2021

    Exact unlearning by construction, achieved at TRAINING time rather than post hoc. Partition the data into S disjoint shards, train one constituent model per shard in complete isolation (no gradient sharing), further spl…

    exact unlearning critical verified fetched 6 declared gaps 11 in · 10 out

  7. When Machine Unlearning Jeopardizes Privacy

    Min Chen, Zhikun Zhang, Tianhao Wang, Michael Backes, Mathias Humbert, Yang Zhang · 2021 · ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS) 2021

    Unlearning produces TWO models, the original and the unlearned, and the discrepancy between them is itself a leak. Proposes a membership inference attack that queries both, concatenates or otherwise aggregates the two p…

    evaluation critique high 4 in · 5 out

  8. Amnesiac Machine Learning

    Laura Graves, Vineel Nagisetty, Vijay Ganesh · 2021 · AAAI 2021

    Proposes THREE methods. "Naive Retraining" continues training on D \ S relying on catastrophic interference. "Unlearning" relabels the sensitive data with random incorrect labels and retrains for a few iterations. "Amne…

    vision heuristic medium 1 declared gap 5 in · 7 out

  9. Approximate Data Deletion from Machine Learning Models

    Zachary Izzo, Mary Anne Smart, Kamalika Chaudhuri, James Zou · 2021 · AISTATS 2021

    The Projective Residual Update for linear (and via IRLS, logistic) regression. Uses a classical leave-one-out residual identity and the hat matrix to compute what the DELETED model would predict on the removed points wi…

    certified approximate medium 0 in · 9 out

  10. Descent-to-Delete: Gradient-Based Methods for Machine Unlearning

    Seth Neel, Aaron Roth, Saeed Sharifi-Malvajerdi · 2021 · Algorithmic Learning Theory (ALT) 2021

    Gradient-based unlearning for ERM under an ongoing SEQUENCE of add/delete updates rather than a single deletion. Introduces a publishing function separating the unlearner's secret output from the publicly released model…

    certified approximate high 1 declared gap 5 in · 9 out

  11. Remember What You Want to Forget: Algorithms for Machine Unlearning

    Ayush Sekhari, Jayadev Acharya, Gautam Kamath, Ananda Theertha Suresh · 2021 · NeurIPS 2021

    Introduces DELETION CAPACITY -- the maximum number of samples that can be unlearnt while keeping excess POPULATION risk below a threshold -- and shows unlearning is strictly separated from differential privacy. The unle…

    certified approximate high 8 in · 5 out

  12. Membership Inference Attacks From First Principles

    Nicholas Carlini, Steve Chien, Milad Nasr, Shuang Song, Andreas Terzis, Florian Tramer · 2022 · IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P) 2022

    Two contributions. First, a methodological argument: membership inference attacks should be evaluated by true-positive rate at LOW false-positive rates and plotted on log-scale ROC, not by average-case accuracy or AUC,…

    evaluation critique critical 6 in · 4 out

  13. Towards Adversarial Evaluations for Inexact Machine Unlearning

    Shashwat Goel, Ameya Prabhu, Amartya Sanyal, Ser-Nam Lim, Philip Torr, Ponnurangam Kumaraguru · 2022 · arXiv preprint (listed as Tech Report; no journal-ref, no dblp venue entry found)

    Argues existing unlearning evaluations are inadequate: matching a particular retrained model is neither necessary (a randomly initialised net has no forget-set information yet is far from the retrained model) nor suffic…

    vision heuristic critical verified fetched not peer-reviewed 9 in · 8 out

  14. On the Necessity of Auditable Algorithmic Definitions for Machine Unlearning

    Anvith Thudi, Hengrui Jia, Ilia Shumailov, Nicolas Papernot · 2022 · USENIX Security Symposium 2022, pp. 4007-4022

    Introduces FORGING: a map that rewrites a training log so the same parameter trajectory is explained by a different dataset, one not containing the point to be forgotten. If such a map exists, a model owner can claim un…

    evaluation critique high 5 in · 5 out

  15. Unrolling SGD: Understanding Factors Influencing Machine Unlearning

    Anvith Thudi, Gabriel Deza, Varun Chandrasekaran, Nicolas Papernot · 2022 · IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy (EuroS&P) 2022, pp. 303-319

    Proposes VERIFICATION ERROR, the L2 distance between an approximately unlearned model and a naively retrained one, arguing it subsumes a large class of unlearning metrics. Unrolls SGD by Taylor series to derive SINGLE G…

    evaluation critique high 1 declared gap 5 in · 7 out

  16. Can Bad Teaching Induce Forgetting? Unlearning in Deep Networks Using an Incompetent Teacher

    Vikram S. Chundawat, Ayush K. Tarun, Murari Mandal, Mohan S. Kankanhalli · 2023 · AAAI 2023

    Two teachers and one student. The student is initialised from the fully trained model; the competent teacher IS that model; the incompetent teacher is a randomly initialised network. A per-example hard switch pulls the…

    vision heuristic critical 1 declared gap 5 in · 4 out

  17. Model Sparsity Can Simplify Machine Unlearning

    Jinghan Jia, Jiancheng Liu, Parikshit Ram, Yuguang Yao, Gaowen Liu, Yang Liu, Pranay Sharma, Sijia Liu · 2023 · NeurIPS 2023

    Two contributions. "Prune first, then unlearn": sparsify the trained model (one-shot magnitude pruning, OMP, by default) then apply an existing unlearning method, motivated by a bound showing gradient-ascent unlearning…

    vision heuristic medium 3 in · 5 out

  18. Towards Unbounded Machine Unlearning

    Meghdad Kurmanji, Peter Triantafillou, Jamie Hayes, Eleni Triantafillou · 2023 · Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 36 (NeurIPS 2023), Main Conference Track

    Casts unlearning as teacher-student distillation where the student selectively DISOBEYS the original model (the teacher) on the forget set while obeying it on the retain set. Departs from the approximate-unlearning trad…

    vision heuristic critical verified fetched 24 in · 2 out

  19. SalUn: Empowering Machine Unlearning via Gradient-based Weight Saliency in Both Image Classification and Generation

    Chongyu Fan, Jiancheng Liu, Yihua Zhang, Eric Wong, Dennis Wei, Sijia Liu · 2024 · ICLR 2024

    Compute a gradient-based WEIGHT SALIENCY MAP by hard-thresholding the magnitude of the forget-set loss gradient at the original weights, then restrict any unlearning update to the salient weights while freezing the rest…

    vision heuristic high 1 declared gap 5 in · 7 out

  20. Fast Machine Unlearning without Retraining through Selective Synaptic Dampening

    Jack Foster, Stefan Schoepf, Alexandra Brintrup · 2024 · AAAI 2024

    Identify parameters disproportionately important to the forget set using the diagonal Fisher information, then DAMPEN rather than prune them, by a factor proportional to how specialised they are. No retraining, no addit…

    vision heuristic high 1 declared gap 1 in · 14 out

  21. Inexact Unlearning Needs More Careful Evaluations to Avoid a False Sense of Privacy

    Jamie Hayes, Ilia Shumailov, Eleni Triantafillou, Amr Khalifa, Nicolas Papernot · 2024 · arXiv preprint (no journal-ref as of verification)

    Categorises unlearning MIAs (U-MIAs) into POPULATION U-MIAs, where one attacker is trained on outputs pooled across different examples, and PER-EXAMPLE U-MIAs, where a dedicated attacker is instantiated per datapoint. A…

    evaluation critique critical verified fetched not peer-reviewed 7 in · 6 out

  22. Fast Yet Effective Machine Unlearning

    Ayush K. Tarun, Vikram S. Chundawat, Murari Mandal, Mohan S. Kankanhalli · 2024 · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems (TNNLS)

    A ZERO-GLANCE method: it never looks at the forget samples, only the forget class LABEL plus a small subset of retain data. Learns an error-maximizing noise matrix correlated with the unlearning class label, then does a…

    vision heuristic medium 1 in · 8 out

  23. Are we making progress in unlearning? Findings from the first NeurIPS unlearning competition

    Eleni Triantafillou, Peter Kairouz, Fabian Pedregosa, Jamie Hayes, Meghdad Kurmanji, Kairan Zhao, Vincent Dumoulin, Julio Jacques Junior, Ioannis Mitliagkas, Jun Wan, Lisheng Sun Hosoya, Sergio Escalera, Gintare Karolina Dziugaite, Peter Triantafillou, Isabelle Guyon · 2024 · arXiv preprint (no journal-ref as of verification)

    A principled empirical scoring framework for unlearning. Estimates a per-example epsilon from the error rates of the STRONGEST attacker in a swept family of threshold attacks distinguishing unlearned from retrained mode…

    evaluation critique high verified fetched not peer-reviewed1 declared gap 7 in · 6 out

  24. A Survey of Machine Unlearning

    Thanh Tam Nguyen, Thanh Trung Huynh, Zhao Ren, Phi Le Nguyen, Alan Wee-Chung Liew, Hongzhi Yin, Quoc Viet Hung Nguyen · 2025 · ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (TIST)

    A broad survey of machine unlearning: definitions, taxonomies, methods, evaluation and open problems. Its own framing is that prior work "has not been able to completely solve the problem due to the lack of common frame…

    survey medium 1 in · 5 out

  25. When to Forget? Complexity Trade-offs in Machine Unlearning

    Martin Van Waerebeke, Marco Lorenzi, Giovanni Neglia, Kevin Scaman · 2025 · Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML 2025), PMLR 267:60816-60832

    Not a method paper. Bounds the minimax computation time of unlearning against retraining for strongly convex objectives, via the "unlearning complexity ratio" T^U_e / T^S_e, yielding a phase diagram with three regimes:…

    theory convex critical verified fetched 1 declared gap 11 in · 6 out

  26. Machine Unlearning via Information Theoretic Regularization

    Shizhou Xu, Thomas Strohmer · 2025 · arXiv preprint (no journal-ref as of verification)

    Argues the standard anchor-based unlearning principle ("indistinguishable from a model retrained on the retain set") is INAUDITABLE, because it depends on an unknown retrained anchor in parameter space. Replaces it with…

    theory convex critical verified fetched not peer-reviewed1 declared gap 10 in · 6 out

  27. Near-Optimal Pure Machine Unlearning for Smooth Strongly Convex Losses

    Matthew Regehr, Gautam Kamath, Andrew Lowy · 2026 · arXiv preprint (no journal-ref as of verification)

    Establishes MATCHING upper and lower bounds on excess population risk for pure (delta = 0) eps-unlearning under smooth strongly convex SCO. The algorithm ("core-swap") interpolates between returning the full-data ERM an…

    theory convex critical verified fetched not peer-reviewed1 declared gap 7 in · 4 out

Peripheral

Nothing in the corpus references these. A finding about the corpus, not a defect in it:

  • izzo2021approximate

Reading state

  • partial read 27